Which of the following is an example of cognitive psychology?

Cognitive psychology focuses on the mental processes that affect how we think, learn, remember, and perceive the world around us. It examines a variety of mental functions, including memory formation, problem-solving, attention, and language. Thus, exploring how memories are formed is a prime example of cognitive psychology because it directly investigates the mechanisms and processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved in our minds.

The other options, while relevant in their respective fields of psychology, do not fall under the umbrella of cognitive psychology. Studying gene-environment interactions is primarily linked to behavioral genetics and developmental psychology. Understanding social behavior across cultures relates more to social psychology and cultural psychology, focusing on how social influences and cultural context shape behavior. Finally, analyzing unconscious motivations typically pertains to psychodynamic theory, which centers on the influence of unconscious processes and childhood experiences on behavior, rather than the cognitive processes that govern thought and memory.