What role does the hippocampus play in memory?

The hippocampus plays a crucial role primarily in the formation of new memories and learning. It is a region in the brain intimately involved in the process of encoding new information, with a specific emphasis on declarative memory, which includes facts and events. When we encounter new experiences, the hippocampus helps to consolidate this information, transitioning it from short-term to long-term memory.

While the hippocampus is not a storage location for memories, that function is distributed across various regions of the cerebral cortex, it is essential in forming new memories, making it critical for learning. This distinction underscores its role in the initial stages of memory formation rather than the long-term retention of the memories themselves.

Additionally, while the hippocampus does play a part in memory retrieval and emotional memories, those functions are not its primary role. Its primary importance lies in the initial creation and establishment of new memories and learning processes.