What kind of changes can an electroencephalogram (EEG) detect?

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is specifically designed to measure and record the electrical activity of the brain. By placing electrodes on the scalp, an EEG can capture brain wave patterns, which reflect neuronal activity as it occurs. This provides insight into the functional status of the brain, allowing researchers and clinicians to observe changes in brain activity associated with various states, such as wakefulness, sleep, and responses to stimuli.

This capability of detecting electrical activity is essential for diagnosing conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, and other neurological issues. Unlike structural imaging techniques, which visualize brain anatomy, or assessments of behaviors and hormonal changes, EEG remains focused on real-time electrical patterns, making it invaluable for studying the dynamics of brain function.