What characterizes a genotype-environment interaction?

A genotype-environment interaction occurs when specific genetic predispositions interact with varying environmental conditions, leading to unique responses in behavior or development. This concept highlights that individuals with the same genotype may exhibit different traits or behaviors depending on the environment they grow up in or experience throughout their lives.

For instance, one person may have a genetic predisposition for high athletic ability, but if they grow up in an environment that does not encourage sports participation, they may never realize their potential. Conversely, another individual with the same genetic predisposition who is raised in a sports-oriented environment may excel in athletics. This interaction underscores the importance of both genetic and environmental factors in shaping individual outcomes.

The other options do not capture this nuanced interaction. Some may suggest randomness, which overlooks the influential roles that genes and environments play. Others imply that genetics have no bearing on behavior or that environmental factors are completely irrelevant, both of which are incorrect as they dismiss the interplay that is fundamental to understanding human development and behavior.