How is "memory" best defined?

"Memory" is best defined as the process by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. This comprehensive definition captures the entirety of memory's functionality and its various components.

Encoding is the initial stage where new information is transformed into a format that can be processed and stored by the brain. Once information is encoded, it enters the storage phase, which involves retaining this information over time, allowing it to be organized and maintained for future use. Retrieval is the final aspect of memory, involving the ability to access and bring to consciousness what has been stored, effectively allowing individuals to recall information when needed.

While recalling facts and figures and the capability of the brain to learn new information highlight important aspects of memory, they do not encompass the full process. The retention of experiences is equally significant but is more focused on the aspect of staying power rather than the entire memory process, which includes encoding, storing, and retrieving. Thus, option B most accurately reflects the comprehensive nature of memory in psychology.