At which developmental stage does significant physical growth and hormone changes occur?

The stage of adolescence is marked by significant physical growth and hormonal changes, which are critical for the transition from childhood to adulthood. During adolescence, individuals experience rapid bodily changes, such as growth spurts, changes in body composition, and the development of secondary sexual characteristics, which are triggered by hormonal shifts.

Growth hormones and sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen play essential roles in these transformations, influencing not only physical appearance but also psychological and emotional development. This period is pivotal for establishing identity and social roles, largely shaped by these physical and hormonal developments. In contrast, early childhood involves growth but lacks the profound hormonal changes characteristic of adolescence, while adulthood and late adulthood focus more on stability and eventual decline in physical capabilities. Therefore, adolescence is uniquely defined by these significant changes, making it the correct answer.